Inom IT-säkerhet och säker åtkomst florerar många begrepp som inte alltid är så lätta att ha full koll på. Vi reder ut begreppen. Här svarar vi på frågan:
Autentisering (authentication på engelska) innebär att bekräfta att du är du, det vill säga en användares verkliga identitet. I dagens digitala samhälle handlar detta ofta om att säkerställa att en användare har behörighet att kopplas ihop med ett användarkonto eller ett system.
Det vanligaste sättet att autentisera sig är fortfarande genom att använda ett användarnamn och ett lösenord. Dessvärre är metoden osäker och många använder samma kombination av användarnamn och lösenord på flera plattformar. Detta gör det relativt enkelt för en förövare att få åtkomst till flera system eller konton på samma gång om ett lösenord skulle hackas.
Ett sätt att skydda sina konton mer effektivt är att addera en extra verifieringsmetod. Metoden kallas tvåfaktorsautentisering och innefattar ofta ”något som användaren vet”, exempelvis ett lösenord, och ”något som användaren har” till exempel en telefon eller en bankdosa. Inloggningsprocessen börjar då ofta med att användaren skriver in ett lösenord för att sedan få en verifikationskod skickad via SMS, alternativt genererar en kod i en applikation. Användaren tillåts endast logga in om både lösenordet och koden är korrekta.
På senare år har mobilbaserade säkerhetsapplikationer använts i större utsträckning som ett andra steg i en tvåfaktorsautentisering eftersom de är lätta att implementera, administrera och använda. Vanligast är BankID, men det har nyligen tillkommit fler alternativ, till exempel Freja eID+ som inte kräver att användaren innehar ett bankkonto. Dessa metoder är särskilt effektiva när en användare måste valideras snabbt, till exempel vid ett telefonsamtal när en handläggare måste försäkra sig om att personen i andra änden är den som han eller hon utger sig för att vara.
Tre- eller multifaktorsautentisering innebär att ytterligare en verifieringsmetod adderas till inloggningsprocessen. Då läggs ”något användaren är” till för extra säkerhet. I dag är metoden fortfarande relativt ovanlig och används mest i system med extrema säkerhetskrav. Den vanligaste ”tredje faktorn” är något typ av biometrisk lösning. I dag är fingeravtrycksavläsning den vanligaste metoden, men det finns även lösningar som läser av till exempel ansikten eller ögon.
Alla typer av autentiseringslösningar kräver någon typ av integrering, vilket innebär att olika system kopplas ihop så att de kan kommunicera med varandra. Svensk e-identitet är experter på att integrera olika system och göra inloggningsprocessen så enkel som möjligt, utan att göra avkall på säkerheten.
Läs om de olika metoderna här.
Läs mer om e-legitimation och e-signering här.
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intercom-id-* | 8 months 26 days 1 hour | Intercom sets this cookie that allows visitors to see any conversations they've had on Intercom websites. | |
intercom-session-* | 7 days | Intercom sets this cookie that allows visitors to see any conversations they've had on Intercom websites. | |
rc::a | never | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. | |
rc::c | session | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. | |
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CONSENT | 2 years | YouTube sets this cookie via embedded youtube-videos and registers anonymous statistical data. | |
GPS | 0 | 30 minutes | This cookie is set by Youtube and registers a unique ID for tracking users based on their geographical location |
YSC | 1 | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
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SRM_B | 1 year 24 days | Used by Microsoft Advertising as a unique ID for visitors. |
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ANONCHK | 10 minutes | The ANONCHK cookie, set by Bing, is used to store a user's session ID and verify ads' clicks on the Bing search engine. The cookie helps in reporting and personalization as well. | |
bcookie | 1 year | LinkedIn sets this cookie from LinkedIn share buttons and ad tags to recognize browser IDs. | |
IDE | 1 | 2 years | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
MUID | 1 year 24 days | Bing sets this cookie to recognise unique web browsers visiting Microsoft sites. This cookie is used for advertising, site analytics, and other operations. | |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 1 | 5 months | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
VISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA | 6 months | YouTube sets this cookie to store the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. | |
yt-remote-connected-devices | never | YouTube sets this cookie to store the video preferences of the user using embedded YouTube video. | |
yt-remote-device-id | never | YouTube sets this cookie to store the video preferences of the user using embedded YouTube video. |
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__hstc | 6 months | Hubspot set this main cookie for tracking visitors. It contains the domain, initial timestamp (first visit), last timestamp (last visit), current timestamp (this visit), and session number (increments for each subsequent session). |
_clck | 1 year | Microsoft Clarity sets this cookie to retain the browser's Clarity User ID and settings exclusive to that website. This guarantees that actions taken during subsequent visits to the same website will be linked to the same user ID. |
_clsk | 1 day | Microsoft Clarity sets this cookie to store and consolidate a user's pageviews into a single session recording. |
_fbp | 3 months | Facebook sets this cookie to display advertisements when either on Facebook or on a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting the website. |
_gcl_au | 3 months | Google Tag Manager sets the cookie to experiment advertisement efficiency of websites using their services. |
CLID | 1 year | Microsoft Clarity set this cookie to store information about how visitors interact with the website. The cookie helps to provide an analysis report. The data collection includes the number of visitors, where they visit the website, and the pages visited. |
hubspotutk | 6 months | HubSpot sets this cookie to keep track of the visitors to the website. This cookie is passed to HubSpot on form submission and used when deduplicating contacts. |
MR | 7 days | This cookie, set by Bing, is used to collect user information for analytics purposes. |
SM | session | Microsoft Clarity cookie set this cookie for synchronizing the MUID across Microsoft domains. |
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li_gc | 6 months | Linkedin set this cookie for storing visitor's consent regarding using cookies for non-essential purposes. |
lidc | 1 day | LinkedIn sets the lidc cookie to facilitate data center selection. |
yt-remote-cast-installed | session | The yt-remote-cast-installed cookie is used to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video. |
yt-remote-fast-check-period | session | The yt-remote-fast-check-period cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences for embedded YouTube videos. |
yt-remote-session-app | session | The yt-remote-session-app cookie is used by YouTube to store user preferences and information about the interface of the embedded YouTube video player. |
yt-remote-session-name | session | The yt-remote-session-name cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video. |
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